Method of making paper receptacles



F. T. NICHOLSON.

METHOD OF MAKING PAPER RECEPTACLES.

' APPLICATION FILED MAY H1 1916. 1,330,334. Patented Feb. 10,1920.

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F. T. NICHOLSON.

METHOD OF MAKING PAPER RECEPTACLES.

APPLICATION FILED MAY 11. I916.

Patented Feb. 10, 1920.

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F. T.'N|CHOLSON.

METHOD OF MAKING PAPER RECEP TACLES.

APPLICATION FILED MAY 11.! I 1,330,334. PatentedFeb. 10,1920.

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nummnu F. T. NICHOLSON. METHOD OF MAKING PAPER HECEPTACLES.

APPLICATION FILED MAY II, I9l6- Patented Feb. 10,1920.

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F. T. NICHOLSON.

METHOD OF MAKING PAPER RECEPTACLES.

APPLICATION FILED MAY 11, 1916- 1,330,334;. Patented Feb. 10,1920.

m 5 SHEETS-SHEET 5 TE 7 S erne FRED T. NICHOLSON, or shoot/11 mm, NEWJERSEY.

METHOD F MAKING rEa B CEBTACLES- This invention relates to themanufacture of paper receptacles or containers, particularly water-proofreceptacles for liqu ds or semi-liquids, or for perishable goods orother materials which are to be protected-.from

moisture, dust," and other sources of contamination. Efforts to providesuch conf tainers have been made heretofore, b-ut'so 7 far as as Iainaware none of them has been wholly successful. In some of the priorcontainers the defects have been in-' herent in'the article or in itsmode of construction; While others, I which have given greater proniiseof success, have proved impracticable by reason of high cost ofmanufacture. I have accordingly been led tode- I vise in resentinvention which'has for its chief object to provide an improvedcontainer or receptacle which shall possess" the necessary qualities ofstrength and dura bility so as to bear handling andshipp ng, etc., andwhich can be manufactured at low,

. cost. To these and other ends the invention consists in the novelfeatures of construction and combinations of elements hereafterdescribed.

A convenient and effective form of receptacle produced by the inventionis'illustrated in the accompanying drawings, in which Figure 1 shows inplan a sheet or strip of paper as cut preparatory to shaping or bendingto form the body or part of the body of the container. 7

Fig.- 2 is a cross section of the strip of paper as bent preparatory tolocking its I l p p the strip is providedwith the sail? number endstogether to "form a cylinder or other tubularbody.

Fig. 3 is a perspective view showing the tubular body formed bv bendingthe paper strip, but with the locking of the ends of the stripincomplete.

Fig. t is a fragmentary end view of the tubular body. showin the lock ast appears when complete, and Fig. 5 is a side view of the same.

F a a 9. P iew showin Specification of Letters Patent. Patented Feb, 101920. Application filed May 11, 1916. Serial 110963591 i 'Y I the methodof nesting two tubular Figs. 10, 11 and 12 illustr te other tubularshells which maybe used'inthe container.

Sh w n Pe spe t ve a. e 's'u uit o use w th y "impa red" I t ainer orreceptacle.

gs h v n Pe sp t v a sui ab closure-seat lior use when one'olosure ifsto be removable and replaceable. I

F is 5 h w Pe spe i e a re eptac e av ng @1 1 es re pe ma ent rfi ed Posqn an a 9 a removab e fissur skew n per pecti e se tas l designed :if'oruse as adrinkinq culp.

gs- 17 "an 8' Sh w heffQlflt 01? closure-construction suitable" for i iyPlQ Q l ecnt i rq r Fig: 1 is p an. ie of, a bla k adapte to be fQ m Hfita 9 1 septi le-bpdy y e n t t th "success e ted shellsare continuouswith each other. J Fig 20 s a nd n bf a ube 9 r ept el yi 'ade' from thb ank am M im r ed ro a n prefera l but et n ws ily ci cu r i 1 9 0.when; formed of one or more aper-Shel; I each formedfloy bending a stripoffp.

lo ing e ends f hei iP'Ws thr fi th ifl nsi s a d Pr e ties 1 f the'sfirini r s ips br ns d pe dent urea" e an a and proportions 'whicl'ifthe" finished [0 ntainer is to have. Such a strip is shownat 10 in thedrawings,and isshown in Fig.1. The strip is cut'fat one end toform'longis tudinally extending tongues '11 (preferahly pointed asshown) havingsshoulders 12 shouldered necks 13 connecting thetongues hdy of t p- A the o hersn f rse s o s 14 a ing a the. edges lateral slitsor eigtensions 15 to I rnit the aforesaid tongues tapes,

. I t ms v b ng" of substantially the g 7 width as the necks Moreover,the dis t en the Outer eds s :16 of the sla and the end-ede of th: stripis about equal t he length eck he str p 9f paper-amen ed its end withtongues and slots a illustrated in" intothe slots ll through the lateralsion and the necks *8 are drawn down,

1, is now bentaround a transverse axis, for example as shown in Fig, 2,in which it will beobserved that the end-edges ot-the strip are turnedin toward the axis ot' the tube.

The arrow-shaped tonguesare next passed Fig. The tube now has theappearance shown in Fig, 5, in whichit will be seen that thepaperbetween the slots i l and the ad- ]acent end-ed 'e 1s JOURtl between theshoul" vders 12 on the tongues and the bight formed bytlie'neihs l3 andthe body'ot the tube. It the attempt is made to expand the tubecircum'lere tally the pull is resistedby the tongtie-shoulders-12,, andhen e cuh expanvented, and the 10 k is effective sion is pthroughoutsubstant ally the entire length of the shell. Similarly, thetube cannot be bortracted ciriunterentially, sin e the edge of theend 17is already snugly fitted into the bight at the base of the necks 13. Norcan either end of the strip be shifted laterally with respect totheother, since the necks 13 are seated in the body portions of theslots 14, -Which body portions are no wider than necessary to receivesaid necks and allow. the. same to lie flat without wrinkling.

In short, the ends of the strip are positively lo liGCl againstdispla:e1nent relative to each other in any direction laterally andcircum' 'ferentially, so that the shell has a fixed perimeter. Y

Ifthecontainer is to be water or mois ture-proof, the paper of which theshell 1s made isimpregnated, or at least coated on one side, withsuitable material, as for example, paraffin wax, preferably, before thetongues and slots are cut. Paper so impreg- -nated is common, and can bepurchased in any desired quantity. Itthe impregnation is done after thetube is formed it can be eife'ted by dipping the tube into meltedparai'hn and keeping. the tube hot till the surpluswax has drained off.If the tube is made of paper already impregnated or coated it is simplyheated in any convenient manner, 1n anysuitable oven, to a tem-.perature sufficient to soften or melt the wax.

As the natural resiliency of the paper produes a stre s tending to'eXpand the tube radially, it will'be 'een that the parts which constitutethe l0ck'are held snugly against each other, with the result that whenthe wax softens (and subsequently hardens as the tube cools) thecontiguous surfaces aree-Xtencemented together and; all cracks filledwith wax, mahin g it impossible for water or other substances topenetrate the lock-joint. Moreover, in practice the slots and tongue aredie-cut by machinery and hence fit accurately; thereby insuring theproduction of a thoroughly tight oin't by the fusion and subsequentcongelation ot the wax or other cementitious substance with W'llltll thepaper or the ends thereot are impregnated. The inner and outer shellsmay be impregnated difi'ercntly, should occasion for such treatmentarise. F or instance, the innermost shell can be made grease-proof byimpregn tion or coating with water glass and the outer shellmoistureproot by impregnation or coating with paraffin, or Vice Versaiif the paper has sutli ient body and stillrises to serve the purpose forwhi h the container is intendedthe tube may now be considered complete,and theheads or closures may be put in place, It not, the tube or shellcan be built up to any desired, thickness and strength by nesting two ormore tubes together. Such inner shells may be made with the same lock asthe outer shell, but are of successively smallerdiameter.

The shells are assembled as illustrated in v Fig. 6, the inner shell 19being laterally invaginated so that itrcan be inserted in the outer,after which the. inner shell springs out to its original form, as in 7,the resiliency ot the paper causing the inner shell to bear snuglyagainst the outer with close iri-f-tional contact. if desired, thirdshell, 20, or as many as may be needed to give the body theproperstrength, can be inserted, as in Fig. 7, preferably staggering theseveral joints and spacing them equally around the circumference. Thethree-ply siell then has the appearance shown in As many shells havingbeen assembled as may be necessary or desirable to form the body of thereceptacle, the whole is heated tenelt the wax with which the shells are'in'i iregnated. Inasmuch as each inner shell is pressed snuglyagainstthe contiguous outer shell by the natural resiliency oi the paper,combined with the fact that the shells are unable to contract by reasonof the pe uliar mechanical locking of the ends of the strip, the heatingand subsequent cooling cause the shells to adhere together and seals thejoints, with the result that the body becomes to all intents andpurposes an integral, homogeneous whole.

Since the assembled or nested shells are heated to seal them together,it not necessary to heat each shell separately, before nesting; Nor isnecessary that each shell be impre nated or coated with wax beforeassembly, as the nested shells can be sealed together by dipping afterassembly into melted wax. I preteuhowever, to make the shells, or atleast the; outermost and innermost, of paper impregnated or coated withwax andthen seal them only after they have been assembled.

Instead of making all the shells of strips having their ends lockedagainst. all relative displacement axially and circumferentially, as inFig. 5, for example, the inner shell or shellsmay have the ends of thestrips locked to prevent axial displacement ofthe ends and contractionofthe perimeter.

. For such purpose the joint shown in Figs.

10 and 11 answers very well. Here the strip 10 Fig. 10, has its endstongued and notched to fit snugly together when bent to form the tubularshell, as in Fig. 11. The

joint itself then prevents axial displacement of either end and also,prevents contract on of the perimeter, expansion being prevented by theoutermost shell (of fixed perimeter) 1 after the shells are nestedtogether. 01', the

innermost shell may be like'Fig. 5 or Fig. 10, for example, and anyshell or shells used between the innermost and outermost. may

be formed of plain strips, as 10*, Fig, 12, of such length that theirends will be practi-- cally, if not actually, in contact when nestedinto the outer shell.

tion of the intermediate shell or shells.

The ends for the tubular body may be in 1 the form of shallow cups, as21, formed by die-pressinga dislr of card, or paper of the requisitestiffness, or several layersof thin paper, the cup being formed by anysuit--v able machine before or after impregnation with the wax orv otherceinentitious substance. Usually, one or the closures isjpe'r the seatfor the remo able closureare sebeating the parts after they areassembled.

cured in place b adhesion of the wax with which they a d the tubularbody are im{ pregnated. such adhesion being produced by Thepreterredmethod is to insert the closure and the seat before the nested shellsare heated to cement them together, so that; a single heati gsufficesfor both purposes.

The receptacle now appears as in Fig. 15. The open end may be closed bya removable disk of cardor sheet metal (not shown) or by a removable cupof metal or card like that illustrated in Fig. 13. Also, both closuresmay be of metal suitably shaped; and

both. whether of paper, cardboard. or metal can be removable. or oneremovable and re- In the. a ter case the acetate the .rsssrtaele.

'placeable, or neither replaceable.

The outermost shell. then preverts expans on of all the 1111161" shellsandthe innermost prevents contrac-.

jmust o ficoursebe inserted before-thesecond closure is secured inplace. .The chief ad- ,yantage of using cup-shapedclosures lies in thereinforcen'ient which theyv give to the ends the'tubula-r body. vOfcourse for some purposes, iltijfsOl example when the receptacle sintended foruse as a drinking cup forpsoda fountains, only one closureneed 3e provided. In such cases the upper edgeotthecup, can bereinforced, as by a ringof wanvimpregnated paper or cardboard inside oroutsideot the body, or both,

as in 16, where inner and outer reinforcing rings are shown at 24 and25, respectively.

Another formot permanent-closure con struction is illustrated in iFig.-17. Here.

the innermost shell26 is shorter than the rest, to provide a seat forthe disk27. It the adhesionyoii the wax or other cementitious substanceat the edge or the disk and the friction of the disk on the tubular bodyare not suiiicient tohold the disk in place .witli the-desired securityadditional support may be provided by means 01" a-ring 28 below thedisk. This ring may be formed, for example, bybending a narrow. ,str pof thick paper, or ofseveral rings nested together-like -thebody Afjointlike that shown in Figflll can be used to pre yenteontraction of thering or of the innermost ring, and axial displacement of the tendsiof'the strip' or strips. The rings 28,

.wl1etl -1e 1 [7 composed ofone or a plurality of thicknesses, ispreferably cemented, in

in Fig.i l8 the. innermost shell 29 is short,

.to afford seat for. the inverted cup-shaped .closure 3.0, and the' nextouter shell is longer,

as indicated indotted lines This'depend wing portion is. turned up over,the closure flange 31 and is preferably of such length, as to .come incontact with the-body of; the

closure. If the wax or other cement used isnot suflicientto prevent theturned up portion of the shell from wrinkling ,or otherwise coming awayfrom, the closure flan e a st ll ring; 32, like that shown at 28 .i iv.17, may be inserted to "hold, such gturned up portion in place. The.construction shown in Fig. 18 makes the closure practically an integralpart of the body,

and also" all'ords a very strong rim, capable ,of withstanding pressure:or iblows of con.- vs deralole force without material injury,if :anv.

The body of the receptacle can alsobe made with its successive nestedshells continuous with each other,bv coiling or'rolling astripofsuflicient' length and looking at least tbeouter shell or turn-withimproved look. 'A conven ent bl-anlz or such purposeis shown in Fig. 19.With that particular blank the ri ht" hand end is A .917; soiled heand-.tlret9a i1es.33 1111-.

place: In the closurecpnstruction shown sorted in the'slots .34. Thisforms-the innermost shell, and looks it against circumferentialcontraction and against longitudinal displacement of. its cooperating"portions. The coiling is then continued and finally the outermost shellor turn is locked in the manner already described by means of thetongues 11 and slots 16 An end view of a tube made in this manner isshown in F ig. 20. Such a shell lends ltself readily to difi'erenttreatment of its two ends; For example, the end bearing the tongues 33and slotsfi3 l can be dipped in parafiin' to make the innermost shellWaterproof, and the other end, which forms the outermost shell or turn,can be sprayed with water-glass solution, say afterthe tube is formed tomake it grease-proof.

by coilinga strip of paper on a mandrel and subsequently orsimultaneously cementing the coils together with wax, the cementing mustbe done while the shellis on the mandrel, and while the convolutions orturns are held on' the outside to prevent 1 their uncoiling'; afterwhich the tube so 7 formed must be freed from the mandrel and the outersupporting or holding devices. Thishas so lengthened the time ofmanufacture of each individual container as to make the ultimatecost'prohibitive. In my container. however, the shell or shells can notuncoil or otherwise change their form after assembly, and hence do notrequire to the heating,

-.Patent No. 1,178.748, dated April 11, 1916.

be held on a mandrel or in ,a sleeve or by other means for a similarpurpose during but can simply stand on end in an oven or other heatingchamber. 1

I have specified paper as the material of which the receptacle is made,but it is to be understood that any other suitable fab c can be used forthe purpose.

v The article produced by my ,methodis not'cla med herein but is claimedin my It is to be understood that the invention not limited to theconstruction herein specifically described.

I claim I s 1. In the art of making a receptacle or container, bendingto tubular form a plurality of strips of paper, and mechanically Iinterlocking the ends of at least one of said strips together acrosssubstantiallvthe entire width of the strip for preventing relativeradial, lateral and axial displacement of said ends in any direction toform the outermost shellof the body of the container;

mechanically interlocking the ends of an other of said strips acrosssubstantially its entire width, to prevent circumferential contractionat any point, to form the innermost shell; nesting the shells togetherby v laterally infolding' the inner shellor shells,

inserting the same into the outermost shell,

and allowing the inner shell or shells to spring out snugly against thecontiguous outer shell, whereby to produce a non-expansible andnon-contractible tubular body composed of a plurality of nested shells;

and securing one or more closures to the tubular body. V

2. In the art of making a receptacle or container, bending to tubularforms aplu rality of strips or sheets'of waxed paper and mechanicallylocking the ends of at least one strip or sheet together against rela- Vtive displacementradially, axially and circuinfer'entially, whereby toprovide a plurality of paper shells of which at least one is of fixedperimeter; nesting the other shells into the shell of fixed perimeter bylaterally infolding each inner shell, inserting it into thenext outershell, and allowing it to spring out against the next outer shell,whereby each inner shell is caused to bear snugly upon the contiguousouter shell without inner support; fitting to the tubular body so formedone or more waxed closures; heating the whole to soften the wax of thebodyand closure or vclosu resfand then cooling the whole. I I t j 3. Inthe art of making a tubular body for a receptacle or container, bending,to

tubular form a strip of paper having, at one end and at a SLlltttbldlstance therefrom, co-

operating-means adapted to lock the shell so "produced againstcircumferential con- 7 ing the shell so formed in oneor more outershells, proportioned to cause each inner shell to bear snugly against.the contiguous outer shell over'their entire surfaces; and

traction flocking said cooperatingmeans together for the purposementioned; lnclosmechanically locking one end of the outer- 7' mostshell to the contiguous, portion thereof throughout substantially theentire length of the shell to prevent radial, longitudinal andcircumferential displacement of the locked portion in all directions.

4. In the art of makinga'receptacle or container, forming a tubularpaper shell of. non -expansible and non contractible perimeterthroughout substantially its entire length, bending to tubular form astrip of paper and securing its ends throughout substantially its entirelength to prevent circumferential contraction. of the shell at any pointin its length, laterally infolding the last named shell. and insertingit into the firstnamed shell, and allowing it to spring containercomposed of nested shells, form-i ing a tubular paper shell ofnon-expansible and non-contractible perimeter throughout substantiallyits entire length to form the outermost shell, bending to tubular vforrnone or more strips of paper to form one or i more inner shells andsecuring together across substantially its entlre wldth the ends ofatfleast one of said strips as the inner- 1 most shell topreventcircumferential contraction at any pointin its length, laterallyinfolding the inner 'shell or shells and in serting the same intotheoutermost shell,-

ancl allowing each inner shell to spring out against the contiguousouter shell to pro cluce permanently. snug contact therewith,

whereby the resulting tubular body is capable of withstanding lateraldistortion'with- .7

out-causing its componentshells to separate or shift 1'npos1t1on.

In testimony whereor l hereunto jaflix my signature.- 3 r v i FRED T,NICHOLSON.

